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中国 AI 为什么追得这么快？美媒找到一批关键人物_我的网站

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一 | The Baltic Sea will become an “internal basin” of the NATO bloc after Finland and Sweden join the alliance, with every country bordering the sea barring Russia and its exclave of Kaliningrad to be part of the alliance, Polish President Andrzej Duda has boasted.,“The Baltic sea is essentially poised to become NATO’s internal basin. Two very powerful nations with a long and strong military tradition will become part of NATO soon, extending the Russia-NATO border by 1,400 kilometers, which is no doubt bad news for Russian authorities,” Duda said during a meeting of Poland’s security council on Monday.,Expressing hope that Finland and Sweden are accepted quickly and that their membership is ratified by NATO’s 30 members, Duda stressed that there was “no need for an explanation on how important this decision is for us.”,Late last week, Russian deputy foreign minister Alexander Grushko called the push to incorporate the pair of Nordic countries into the Western alliance “one of the saddest episodes in the evolution” of Europe’s security architecture, and warned that Moscow will be forced to beef up its defenses to compensate for new threats.,“This will severely worsen the military situation in the Baltic Sea region, which, as a result of NATO’s expansion…would be turned into an arena if not of military confrontation, then completely unnecessary military rivalry,” Grushko said.,Russian President Vladimir Putin warned last Wednesday that although Moscow does not have the same type of “problems with Sweden and Finland” as it does with Ukraine, the two countries “should plainly and clearly realize that [while] there were no threats before, now, if military contingents and infrastructure are deployed there, [Russia] will have to respond in a mirror fashion.”,Mayor of Finland's Border Town Mulls Placing NATO Base Directly on Russia's Doorstep3 July, 12:48 GMT,Finland and Sweden completed accession talks at NATO headquarters in Brussels on Monday, with the bloc indicating in a statement that “both countries formally confirmed their willingness and ability to meet the political, legal and military obligations and commitments of NATO membership.” Allies are due to sign accession protocols on Tuesday, after which they will go out to all 30 member countries for ratification.,The pair of Nordic nations broke with generations of neutrality by announcing their bids for NATO membership this spring after Russia began its military operation in Ukraine. Until now, Sweden had maintained strict bloc neutrality since the 19th century, and has not taken part in any large-scale war in Europe since 1814. Finland became neutral at the start of the Cold War, and continued this policy for decades after 1991.,Swedish PM Refuses to Say if Stockholm Will Deport Kurds Wanted in Turkey as Part of NATO DealYesterday, 11:38 GMT,The countries’ neutrality did not prevent them from leaning in NATO’s direction after the collapse of the USSR and the Eastern bloc. They joined the Western alliance’s ‘Partnership for Peace’ program in 1994, and took part in the US-led occupation of Afghanistan, as well as 'peacekeeping' operations in the Serbian breakaway region of Kosovo after 1999. Both countries’ armies, navies and air forces also regularly take part in NATO-led military exercises in the region.,The planned incorporation of Finland and Sweden into NATO is the latest round of the bloc’s eastward push. Since 1990 and Secretary of State James Baker’s famous “not one inch east” promise to Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, the Western bloc has undergone three major waves of eastward expansion, swallowing up the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in 1999, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Baltic states in 2004, and Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia between 2009 and 2020. After Finland and Sweden’s accession, there will be just nine countries in Europe, Russia included, that are not part of the US-led North Atlantic alliance.,German Lawmaker Reveals How NATO Fooled Gorbachev About Bloc’s Eastward Expansion Plans31 January 2020, 16:43 GMT。 8 月 25 日，据《华尔街日报》报道，中国 AI 模型近年来快速缩小与美国头部模型的差距，其背后并非短期突然出现的技术突破，而是清华大学等高校长期形成的人才网络，以及开源技术、人才回流和更高算力效率等因素共同推动的结果。

二 | 报道认为，以智谱 AI 联合创始人唐杰、月之暗面创始人杨植麟以及 DeepSeek 创始人梁文锋等人为代表的一批研究者，构成了中国这一轮 AI 追赶的重要力量。《华尔街日报》称，中美两国多名行业人士认为，中国最好的 AI 模型目前与美国最先进模型的能力差距已经缩小至数月。

三 | 今年 6 月，马斯克曾预测中国要到 2027 年第一季度才能追上 Anthropic 的顶级模型，唐杰随后回应称，“不会需要那么久”。报道将中国 AI 人才体系的形成追溯至 20 多年前。

四 | 2005 年，图灵奖得主姚期智在清华大学创办“姚班”，培养计算机领域的顶尖人才。与此同时，唐杰长期在清华从事数据挖掘和机器学习研究，其实验室后来成为中国 AI 人才的重要来源之一。杨植麟曾师从唐杰，在清华研究机器学习算法，随后赴卡内基梅隆大学攻读博士，回国后创办月之暗面。这种高校与创业公司的人员流动逐渐形成了一张 AI 人才网络。2018 年，中国进一步放宽科研人员创业及科研成果商业化限制，次年唐杰从清华实验室孵化出后来发展为智谱 AI 的公司。早在 OpenAI 于 2020 年发布 GPT-3 后，智谱就将开发同等级模型作为目标。不过，相比美国 AI 企业，中国公司长期面对资金和先进芯片不足的问题。杰富瑞测算，在相关时期内，中国科技公司的投入规模不到美国同行的五分之一。

五 | 在这一背景下，提高算力利用效率成为中国 AI 企业追赶的重要路径。DeepSeek 是其中的代表。报道提到，DeepSeek 通过多头潜在注意力机制（MLA）降低模型运行中的内存消耗，并较早在中国采用混合专家模型（MoE），以减少对芯片算力的需求。这些技术成为 2025 年初“DeepSeek 冲击”的重要基础，当时其推出的低成本开源模型引发美国科技股震荡，也迫使中国同行重新审视技术路线。中国 AI 企业之间的技术交流也进一步加快了迭代速度。月之暗面后续模型采用了 DeepSeek 使用或验证过的 MoE 及 MLA 变体，而 DeepSeek 也采用了月之暗面优化过的训练技术。

六 | 不同团队通过论文、开源模型和技术实践相互借鉴，形成了与封闭模型路线不同的技术扩散机制。与此同时，人才回流也成为另一条技术路径。腾讯招募了曾在 OpenAI 工作的两名清华毕业生，字节跳动则引入曾供职于谷歌的中国研究人员。报道认为，美国 AI 公司的技术进展、海外人才回流以及中国本土研究网络，共同加快了中国 AI 公司的追赶速度。但算力仍是中国 AI 企业面临的主要制约。梁文锋今年 5 月表示，芯片而非人才，是中美 AI 公司之间最关键的差距。